Your vacuum cleaner may not be picking up due to a clogged filter, full dust bag, blocked hose, or a malfunctioning brush roll or motor.
A vacuum cleaner that won’t pick up dirt is frustrating. Before you replace it, check these common issues. Most suction problems have simple fixes you can do at home.
Check for Clogs in the Vacuum
Clogs are the top reason vacuums lose suction. Debris blocks airflow, reducing pickup power.
Where to Look for Blockages
- Hose – Detach and shine a flashlight through it
- Brush roll – Remove hair and string wrapped around it
- Wand – Check for stuck objects
- Filters – Remove and inspect for dirt buildup
Use a long, flexible tool like a straightened coat hanger to clear clogs. For tough blockages, try a plumber’s snake.
Inspect and Clean the Filters
Dirty filters restrict airflow. This forces your vacuum to work harder while picking up less.
| Filter Type | Cleaning Method | Replacement Frequency |
|---|---|---|
| Foam pre-motor | Wash with warm water | Every 3-6 months |
| HEPA | Tap gently to remove dust | Every 6-12 months |
| Exhaust | Vacuum surface | Every 1-2 years |
Always let filters dry completely before reinstalling. Wet filters can damage your vacuum’s motor.
Empty the Dust Container or Bag
A full bag or canister reduces suction power. Most vacuums need emptying when 2/3 full.
Bagless Vacuums
- Remove the dust cup
- Empty contents into trash
- Wipe interior with dry cloth
Bagged Vacuums
Replace the bag when it feels heavy or suction drops. Don’t wait until it’s completely full.
Check Hose and Seal Connections
Leaks in the vacuum system cause weak suction. Inspect all connections:
- Listen for hissing sounds while vacuum runs
- Feel for air leaks around seals
- Ensure all parts click securely into place
Replace cracked hoses or damaged seals. Temporary fixes with duct tape may work short-term.
Examine the Brush Roll
A stuck brush roll won’t agitate carpets properly. This makes the vacuum seem like it’s not picking up dirt.
Common Brush Roll Issues
- Hair wrapped around ends
- Worn bristles
- Broken belt
- Debris stuck underneath
Clean the brush roll monthly. For deep cleans, follow our detailed guide.
Adjust Height Settings
Wrong height settings reduce pickup efficiency:
- Low-pile carpet: Use lowest setting
- Medium-pile: Middle setting
- High-pile/Shag: Highest setting
- Hard floors: Bare floor setting
Test different settings to find what works best for your floors.
When to Seek Professional Help
If basic troubleshooting doesn’t work, your vacuum may need:
- Motor replacement
- New suction fan
- Electrical repairs
Consider professional repair if your vacuum is under warranty or a high-end model. For older vacuums, replacement may be more cost-effective.
Prevent Future Suction Problems
Regular maintenance keeps your vacuum working well:
- Empty canister after each use
- Clean filters monthly
- Inspect brush roll weekly
- Check for blockages quarterly
For homes with pets, special filter care helps maintain suction power.