To fix a vacuum that won’t pick up, check for clogs in the hose, clean or replace the filter, and ensure the brush roll is free of debris.
A vacuum that loses suction can turn cleaning into a frustrating chore. Before you consider replacing your machine, try these proven troubleshooting steps to restore its performance.
Quick Fix Checklist
- Empty dust bin/replace bag
- Clean or replace filters
- Check for hose clogs
- Inspect brush roll
- Examine belt condition
Step-by-Step Repair Guide
1. Empty the Collection System
A full dust container is the most common cause of suction loss. For bagless models like those in our best cordless vacuums for hardwood floors guide, empty the bin when it reaches 2/3 capacity. Bagged units need replacement when 3/4 full.
Pro Tip:
Tap the dustbin gently against your trash can to dislodge packed debris that might not empty completely.
2. Clean or Replace Filters
Clogged filters restrict airflow dramatically. Most vacuums have multiple filters:
| Filter Type | Cleaning Method | Replacement Frequency |
|---|---|---|
| Pre-motor | Wash with cold water | Every 3-6 months |
| HEPA | Brush gently | Every 6-12 months |
| Exhaust | Vacuum surface | As needed |
3. Clear Hose and Attachment Blockages
Use these methods to remove stubborn clogs:
- Disconnect all hoses and attachments
- Shine a flashlight to locate blockage
- Use a plumbing snake or straightened coat hanger
- For tough clogs, try a vacuum hose cleaning tool
4. Inspect the Brush Roll
Hair and string can stop the brush from rotating. For models like those in our best vacuums for pet hair roundup:
- Remove the brush roll according to your manual
- Cut away wrapped debris with scissors
- Check for worn bristles or damaged bearings
Advanced Troubleshooting
Checking the Drive Belt
A broken belt prevents the brush from spinning. Replacement steps:
- Unplug the vacuum
- Remove the bottom plate
- Note belt routing before removal
- Install new belt with proper tension
Testing for Air Leaks
According to cleaning experts, you can detect leaks by:
- Running the vacuum with your hand near seams
- Listening for whistling sounds
- Checking for cracked plastic components
When to Call a Professional
Seek repair service if you encounter:
- Burning electrical smells
- Unusual motor noises
- Persistent suction loss after troubleshooting
- Visible damage to internal components
Preventative Maintenance Tips
Extend your vacuum’s lifespan with these habits:
- Empty canisters after each use
- Clean filters monthly
- Inspect brush roll weekly
- Store properly to prevent hose kinks
- Schedule annual professional servicing